Accurate Kap Meter Calibration as a Prerequisite for Optimisation in Projection Radiography.

In-situ calibration of clinical built-in KAP meters with traceability to a primary standard using a reference KAP meter.

The air kerma-area product (KAP) is used for settings of diagnostic reference levels. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) recommends that doses in diagnostic radiology (including the KAP values) be estimated with an accuracy of at least ± 7% (k = 2). Industry standards defined by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) specify that the uncertainty of KAP meter measurements...

Development of a Calibration Methodology of the Patient Dose Calibrator

The kerma-area product (PKA) is a useful quantity to establish the reference levels in diagnosis of conventional X ray examinations. A KAP meter can be calibrated in laboratory or in situ, where it is used. The patient dose calibrator (PDC) is a new equipment from Radcal that measures PKA. It was manufactured following the IEC 60580 recommendations. The aim of this study was to calibrate the PD...

Evaluation of the uncertainties in KAP-meter calibrations

Accuracy and calibration of integrated radiation output indicators in diagnostic radiology: A report of the AAPM Imaging Physics Committee Task Group 190.

Due to the proliferation of disciplines employing fluoroscopy as their primary imaging tool and the prolonged extensive use of fluoroscopy in interventional and cardiovascular angiography procedures, "dose-area-product" (DAP) meters were installed to monitor and record the radiation dose delivered to patients. In some cases, the radiation dose or the output value is calculated, rather than meas...

Extension Ability of Reduced Order Model of Unsteady Incompressible Flows Using a Combination of POD and Fourier Modes

In this article, an improved reduced order modelling approach, based on the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) method, is presented. After projecting the governing equations of flow dynamics along the POD modes, a dynamical system was obtained. Normally, the classical reduced order models do not predict accurate time variations of flow variables due to some reasons. The response of the dynam...